This is a peculiar error with Mariadb on RDS, this problem does not happen if you select the MySQL or Aurora Engine. If you try to run a GRANT ALL ON query you get an error like
ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user
The error occurs even if the query is run as root or the admin user. Alternative is to give selective permission/privileges to the user.
You can instead run the query as
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, EVENT, TRIGGER on `dbname`.* to 'dbuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'P45sw0rd';
and its done!
A bit of explanation
In RDS, the superuser is named rdsadmin, this user is equivalent to the root user in a normal non-RDS MySQL/Mariadb Server. The Master user which we have access to in RDS do not have all the privileges as required for root user to create a new user. This user cannot GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES to a normal user for database access. So we have to give user selective privileges only.